Art Movements
An Art Movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time. There are MANY art movements and below are the main ones that changed the course of art history.
Avant-garde is not a movement: it is the people or works that are considered experimental, radical, or unorthodox dealing with art, culture, or society. It pushes the boundary of what is considered normal at the time.
the federal art project funding
genre scenes in european paintings 17th century
genre scenes in european paintings 17th century
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Prehistoric 50,000-250 BCE
Prehistoric art is art that exists in the culture before a true language or record keeping developed. Depending where in the world the culture was, this ended at different times. Most Prehistoric work shows us of daily life- for example, stories or instructions of hunting on cave walls or praise of fertility through statues. |
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Ancient Greek 650 BCE- 476 CE
Known for their natural but idealized shape of the human body, the Ancient Greeks focused on innovation. Much pottery, sculpture, and coins survived but most paintings or woodwork did not survive the test of time. Ancient Greek art is usually divided into 4 periods: Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. |
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Ancient Roman 650 BCE- 476 CE
Scultpture and figure painting were the most highly regarded art forms though very few paintings have survived. The romans created art of everything- stories, landscapes, still lifes, animals, and portraits. They also had a lot of important architecture that still stands today. |
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Medieval PERIOD 500- 1400
ession issculpture, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, metalwork and mosaics, fresco, tapetries, and metals The Medieval Art Period included multiple movements including Byzantine, Romanesque, Early Christian Art, Insular, and Gothic Art. |
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Byzantine 476- 1453
Part of the Medieval Period 500- 1400 Byzantine art thrived when the politics of Rome moved to the city of Byzantium after Christianity became legal (renaming the city Constantinople). It was created to tell viewers about God, saints, and scriptures. You could find this art as illustrated manuscripts, mosaics, frescos and more, many of which adorned churches to express God's presence. Religious figures were never shown as ordinary people. |
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Gothic Art 500- 1400
Part of the Medieval Period 500- 1400 Gothic art focused on statues, stained glass, and frescos. The style developed in Frances and spread all over Europe. Most art were stories from the Christian bible but used softer emotions than previous rigid imagery. Saint-Denis stained glass |
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Renaissance 1400- 1550
In the Early Renaissance, artists broke away from Byzantine parameters completely. The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy. There was a surge of interest in philosophy, literature, art, and discovery of new continents. The concept of Humanism came into art, emphasizing the importance of the artist's thoughts which affected their approach to making art. Artists created realistic images with strong emotion, accurate perspective and precise details. Oil Paint was developed during this time by Northern Artists which allowed artists to edit and add more detail as the paint has a slower drying time. Northern Artists thrived so much during this time period that they got their own art movement- the Northern Renaissance. By 1490, the High Renaissance had emerged. It included a heroic style for the human figure and perfectly melded humanism, realism, and illusionism together. Techniques of linear and atmospheric perspective, foreshortening, tonal gradation, and knowledge of anatomy allowed work to be detailed and more realistic. The Venetian Renaissance also appeared and became recognized for vibrant colors. Artists started to become famous for giving importance to the landscapes in their paintings. |
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Mannerism 1520- 1600
Mannerism's style exaggerates the qualities of proportion, balance, and ideal beauty resulting in asymmetrical art or unnaturally elegant art. Famous artists from this movement include Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. |
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Dutch Golden Age 1585- 1702
The Dutch Golden Age was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. Genre paintings, still lifes, and portraits. |
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Baroque 1600- 1750
This style was fueled by the Counter-Reformation in which Rome pushed a resurgence of Catholic Faith through doctrine which used many visual aids. This style used exaggerated motion and used detail to show tension and grandeur. Architecture was used to show off triumph and power. |
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Rococo 1720- 1780
Rococo artists and architects used a more jocular, florid, and graceful approach to the Baroque. Their style was ornate and used light colours, asymmetrical designs, curves, and gold. Unlike the political Baroque, the Rococo had playful and witty themes. |
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Classicism / Neo-classicism 1750-1850
Neoclassical architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry. Following of ancient Greek or Roman principles and style in art and literature, generally associated with harmony, restraint, and adherence to recognized standards of form and craftsmanship. Neoclassical architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry. |
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Romanticism 1790- 1880
Emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. Exotic subject matter with exaggerated drama and emotion. |
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Realism 1830- 1890
Realism sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. Realist works depicted people of all classes in situations that arise in ordinary life, and often reflected the changes brought by the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions. It grew even more with the introduction of Photography as a medium. |
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Impressionism 1865- 1885
characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles |
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Post-impressionism 1885- 1910
Artists were less concerned about naturalist light- using vivid colours, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphimpressionasize geometric forms, distort form for expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary colour. |
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Neo-impressionism 1880s-1910s
Neo-impressionism was founded by George Seurat . Pointillism is a technique that uses small dots of color close together to make an image. Divisionism is a technique is very similar but uses slightly large brush strokes. The movement and the style were an attempt to drive "harmonious" vision from modern science, anarchist theory, and late 19th-century debate around the value of academic art. The artists of the movement "promised to employ optical and psycho-biological theories in pursuit of a grand synthesis of the ideal and the real, the fugitive and the essential, science and temperament."[1] |
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Arts and Crafts Movement 1880s- 1920s
Founded on the principle that machine made object lacked the pride of handmade goods and dehumanized workers. Founded by designer William Morris based on critic John Ruskin's ideals. |
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Tonalism 1880s- 1920s
James Whistler laid the groundwork with the philosophy "Art of Art's Sake". He turned away from realistic subject matter and said artistic beauty existed independently- art can be beauty without being something else. |
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Art Nouveau 1890s-1910s
Art Nouveau developed as a highly detailed style based on natural forms and structure like the curved lines of plants and flowers. This style was international and stretched across all art forms such are architecture, painting, illustration, furniture design, and even graphic design. |
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Expressionism 1905- 1930
Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.[1][2]Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning[3] of emotional experience rather than physical reality.[3][4] |
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Fauvism 1905- 1909
Founded in 1905 by Henri Matisse and Andre Derain who started an art movement with a group of artists. Their work was displayed and critic described the vivid, bold colored art as "Donatello au milieu des fauves!" (Donatello among the wild beasts!). The art group owned the name and called themselves "fauves" which sparked the movement. |
Cubism 1907- 1914
In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from a single viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context
In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from a single viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context
Futurism 1909- 1914
Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the industrial city.
Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the industrial city.
Modernism 1912-
Postmodernism was is based around that idea that knowledge and truth are determined by the culture language you are submersed in. They're products of social, historical, and political interpretations.
Postmodernism was is based around that idea that knowledge and truth are determined by the culture language you are submersed in. They're products of social, historical, and political interpretations.
Constructivism 1913- 1920s
a theory about the nature of learning that focuses on how humans make meaning from their experiences. This was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. He wanted 'to construct' art..
a theory about the nature of learning that focuses on how humans make meaning from their experiences. This was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. He wanted 'to construct' art..
Suprematism 1915- 1925
an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.
an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.
Dada 1916- 1930
Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works
Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works
De Stijl / Neo-Plasticism 1917- 1931
advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal, using only black, white and primary colors.
advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour; they simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal, using only black, white and primary colors.
Purism 1918- 1925
They believed Cubism had become overly complex and they proposed a kind of painting in which objects were represented as powerful basic forms stripped of detail.
They believed Cubism had become overly complex and they proposed a kind of painting in which objects were represented as powerful basic forms stripped of detail.
Bauhaus 1919-1933
This style is from the German Design School that combined art and industrial design. It influence modernist design.
This style is from the German Design School that combined art and industrial design. It influence modernist design.
Precisionism 1920s-
This was the first art movement born in the United States of America. celebrated the new American landscape of skyscrapers, bridges, and factories in a form that has also been called "Cubist-Realism. structures of which were depicted in precise, sharply defined geometrical forms.
This was the first art movement born in the United States of America. celebrated the new American landscape of skyscrapers, bridges, and factories in a form that has also been called "Cubist-Realism. structures of which were depicted in precise, sharply defined geometrical forms.
Postmodernism 1920s-
Postmodernism was is based around that idea that knowledge and truth are determined by the culture language you are submersed in. They're products of social, historical, and political interpretations. sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern
Postmodernism was is based around that idea that knowledge and truth are determined by the culture language you are submersed in. They're products of social, historical, and political interpretations. sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern
Magic Realism 1920- 1960
expresses a primarily realistic view of the real world while also adding or revealing magicalelements.
expresses a primarily realistic view of the real world while also adding or revealing magicalelements.
Art Deco 1920s-1940s
Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism; the bright colors of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes; the updated craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis Philippe and Louis XVI; and the exotic styles of China and Japan, India, Persia, ancient Egypt and Maya art. It featured rare and expensive materials, such as ebony and ivory, and exquisite craftsmanship. The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style.
Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism; the bright colors of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes; the updated craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis Philippe and Louis XVI; and the exotic styles of China and Japan, India, Persia, ancient Egypt and Maya art. It featured rare and expensive materials, such as ebony and ivory, and exquisite craftsmanship. The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style.
Social Realism 1930s-
Social realism, an international art movement, encompasses the work of painters, printmakers, photographers and filmmakers who draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working class and the poor; social realists are critical of the social structures which maintain these conditions.
Social realism, an international art movement, encompasses the work of painters, printmakers, photographers and filmmakers who draw attention to the everyday conditions of the working class and the poor; social realists are critical of the social structures which maintain these conditions.
Surrealism 1924- 1966
Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects, and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself.[1] Its aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality".[2][3][4]
Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects, and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself.[1] Its aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality".[2][3][4]
Abstract Expressionism 1940s- 1965
Started by painters in New York City after the Second World War. It also branched off into Post-Painterly Abstraction and used a style called Color-Field Painting.
Started by painters in New York City after the Second World War. It also branched off into Post-Painterly Abstraction and used a style called Color-Field Painting.
Colour Fielding 1940s- 1965
Started by painters in New York City after the Second World War. It also branched off into Post-Painterly Abstraction and used a style called Color-Field Painting.
Started by painters in New York City after the Second World War. It also branched off into Post-Painterly Abstraction and used a style called Color-Field Painting.
Pop Art 1955- 1970
the movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.
the movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.
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Performance Art 1960s- NOW
Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. |
Minimalism 1960s-
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts.
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts.
Conceptualism 1960s-
In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair.
In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair.
Street Art 1980s-
Street art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues
Street art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues
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Interactive Art 1920s-
Interactive art requires the viewer to participate in the art project to make it come to life. |